What was the result of the first civil war between Ali and the Umayyads?
a. Ali was killed in the conflict, but his son Hasan was named caliph and won a great victory over the Abbasids.
b. Despite early successes, Ali's faction disintegrated, leading to an Umayyad victory and Ali's assassination.
c. Ali was able to defeat the Umayyad clan and reduce them to political insignificance.
d. Islam remained firmly united behind the heirs of Husayn and Ali.
e. Ali suffered a disastrous military defeat at the Battle of Siffin, and the Umayyads emerged victorious.
Answer: B
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