Who were the ayan?

Who were the ayan? a. African slaves b. A rural landholding elite c. Free artisans d. Abbasid bureaucrats e. Jewish converts to Islam Answer:...

Which of the following cultures of the Arabian Peninsula was most significant the development of Islam?

Which of the following cultures of the Arabian Peninsula was most significant the development of Islam? a. Medieval b. Sedentary agricultural villages c....

What was the most significant of the transformations brought about by the Abbasids' rise to power?

What was the most significant of the transformations brought about by the Abbasids' rise to power? a. The destruction of Sunni influences within Islam b....

What was the nature of the material culture of bedouin society?

What was the nature of the material culture of bedouin society? a. The bedouins constructed numerous temple complexes featuring monumental architecture...

Which of the following groups was NOT a component of bedouin society?

Which of the following groups was NOT a component of bedouin society? a. Slaves b. Artisans c. Herders d. Free warriors e. Shaykhs Answer:...

Which of the following was NOT a reason for the early expansion of Islam beyond Arabia?

Which of the following was NOT a reason for the early expansion of Islam beyond Arabia? a. The desire for booty b. The sense of common cause and...

Which of the following statements concerning bedouin society is NOT accurate?

Which of the following statements concerning bedouin society is NOT accurate? a. Bedouins lived in highly mobile tent encampments. b. Clans were...

Which of the following groups was responsible for the slaughter of the male descendents of the Umayyad Dynasty?

Which of the following groups was responsible for the slaughter of the male descendents of the Umayyad Dynasty? a. Syrians b. Berbers c. Christians d....

Under the Umayyads, the political center of Islam shifted to

Under the Umayyads, the political center of Islam shifted to a. Constantinople. b. Baghdad. c. Merv. d. Cairo. e. Damascus. Answer:...

The term for non-Arab Muslim converts is

The term for non-Arab Muslim converts is a. dhimmis. b. jizya. c. umma. d. dhow. e. mawali. Answer:...

When did Muhammad receive the first revelations that were eventually written down in the Quran?

When did Muhammad receive the first revelations that were eventually written down in the Quran? a. 610 C.E. b. 711 C.E. c. 550 C.E. d. 632 C.E. e....

What was the Umayyad response to Muhammad's migration to Medina and subsequent success there?

What was the Umayyad response to Muhammad's migration to Medina and subsequent success there? a. The Umayyad rulers of Mecca ignored Muhammad as...

What was the date of Muhammad's flight to Medina from Mecca?

What was the date of Muhammad's flight to Medina from Mecca? a. 635 C.E. b. 711 C.E. c. 622 C.E. d. 610 C.E. e. 570 C.E. Answer:...

Which of the following represents a mounting pressure for change in pre-Islamic society?

Which of the following represents a mounting pressure for change in pre-Islamic society? a. Invasion from sub-Saharan Africa agricultural cultures...

Which of the following statements concerning Muhammad's flight to Medina is NOT correct?

Which of the following statements concerning Muhammad's flight to Medina is NOT correct? a. Once in Medina he attracted new followers to his faith. b....

What was the nature of pre-Islamic bedouin religion?

What was the nature of pre-Islamic bedouin religion? a. It was a blend of animism and polytheism. b. Most of the bedouin were Christians. c. The...

The Umayyads felt threatened by all of the following developments EXCEPT

The Umayyads felt threatened by all of the following developments EXCEPT a. Muhammad's destruction of the Ka'ba. b. the development of Muhammad's...

What was the result of the first civil war between Ali and the Umayyads?

What was the result of the first civil war between Ali and the Umayyads? a. Ali was killed in the conflict, but his son Hasan was named caliph and...

What was the clan into which Muhammad was born?

What was the clan into which Muhammad was born? a. Banu Hashim b. Abbasid c. Almoravid d. Umayyad e. Sassanid Answer:...

Why was the caliph Uthman disliked by so many Arabs?

Why was the caliph Uthman disliked by so many Arabs? a. He was not an Arab. b. He murdered Ali. c. He had halted the process of expansion and thus...

Which of the following is NOT among the "five pillars" of Islam?

Which of the following is NOT among the "five pillars" of Islam? a. Fasting during Ramadan b. Charity c. Pilgrimage to Medina d. Hajj e. A confession...

The Abbasids moved the political center of their empire to

The Abbasids moved the political center of their empire to a. Damascus. b. Merv. c. Constantinople. d. Jerusalem. e. Baghdad. Answer:...

The wars to defeat rival prophets and restore the unity of Islam were called

The wars to defeat rival prophets and restore the unity of Islam were called a. Karbala. b. the first fitnah. c. Rihla. d. Ridda. e. dhow. Answer:...

What was the nature of citizenship within the Umayyad Empire?

What was the nature of citizenship within the Umayyad Empire? a. Only Muslim Arabs were first-class citizens of this great empire. b. Malawi were...

What was the Ka'ba?

What was the Ka'ba? a. The belief in the goodness of holy war b. The name given to Muhammad's flight from Mecca c. The tribe that dominated Mecca d....

Why did the Arab warriors not want to convert large numbers of people to Islam?

Why did the Arab warriors not want to convert large numbers of people to Islam? a. They lacked the political organization to govern them and feared...

What would happen if the secondary messenger cGMP was blocked in the de-etiolation pathway?

What would happen if the secondary messenger cGMP was blocked in the de-etiolation pathway?  A) Specific protein kinase 1 would be activated,...

External stimuli would be received most quickly by a plant cell if the receptors for signal transduction were located in the

External stimuli would be received most quickly by a plant cell if the receptors for signal transduction were located in the  A) plasma membrane. B)...

All of the following may function in signal transduction in plants except

All of the following may function in signal transduction in plants except  A) calcium ions. B) nonrandom mutations. C) receptor proteins. D)...

The black dots that cover strawberries are actually individual fruits. The fleshy and tasty portion of a strawberry derives from the receptacle of a flower with many separate carpels. Therefore, a strawberry is

The black dots that cover strawberries are actually individual fruits. The fleshy and tasty portion of a strawberry derives from the receptacle of a...

The pollen produced by wind-pollinated plants is often smaller than the pollen produced by animal-pollinated plants. A reason for this might be that

The pollen produced by wind-pollinated plants is often smaller than the pollen produced by animal-pollinated plants. A reason for this might be that  A)...

A small flower with green petals is most likely

A small flower with green petals is most likely  A) bee-pollinated. B) bird-pollinated. C) bat-pollinated. D) wind-pollinated. E) moth-pollinated. Answer:...

Some dioecious species have the XY genotype for male and XX for female. After double fertilization, what would be the genotypes of the embryos and endosperm nuclei?

Some dioecious species have the XY genotype for male and XX for female. After double fertilization, what would be the genotypes of the embryos and endosperm...

Which statement concerning grafting is correct?

Which statement concerning grafting is correct?  A) Stocks and scions refer to twigs of different species. B) Stocks come from vines, but scions...

"Golden Rice"

"Golden Rice"  A) is resistant to various herbicides, making it practical to weed rice fields with those herbicides. B) is resistant to a virus...

Double fertilization means that

Double fertilization means that  A) flowers must be pollinated twice to yield fruits and seeds. B) every egg must receive two sperm to produce...

A fruit is

A fruit is  A) a mature ovary. B) a mature ovule. C) a seed plus its integuments. D) a fused carpel. E) an enlarged embryo sac. Answer:...

A seed develops from

A seed develops from  A) an ovum. B) a pollen grain. C) an ovule. D) an ovary. E) an embryo. Answer:...

Regardless of where in the world a vineyard is located, in order for the winery to produce a Burgundy, it must use varietal grapes that originated in Burgundy, France. The most effective way for a new California grower to plant a vineyard to produce Burgundy is to

Regardless of where in the world a vineyard is located, in order for the winery to produce a Burgundy, it must use varietal grapes that originated in...

You are studying a plant from the Amazon rain forest that shows strong self-incompatibility. To characterize this reproductive mechanism, you would look for

You are studying a plant from the Amazon rain forest that shows strong self-incompatibility. To characterize this reproductive mechanism, you would...

Which of the following is a successful example of the commercial use of transgenic crops?

Which of the following is a successful example of the commercial use of transgenic crops? A) inserting Bt toxin genes into cotton, maize, and potato B)...

Which of the following is proving to be the most difficult task for plant breeders regardless of the techniques they use for crop improvement due to the complexity of the metabolic pathways involved?

Which of the following is proving to be the most difficult task for plant breeders regardless of the techniques they use for crop improvement due to...

All of the following strategies are being pursued with the goal of preventing transgene escape from genetically modified crops except

All of the following strategies are being pursued with the goal of preventing transgene escape from genetically modified crops except  A) the...

Which of the following is a scientific concern related to creating genetically modified crops?

Which of the following is a scientific concern related to creating genetically modified crops?  A) Herbicide resistance may spread to weedy...

One disadvantage of monoculture is that

One disadvantage of monoculture is that  A) the whole crop ripens at the same time. B) genetic uniformity makes a crop more vulnerable to...

Biofuels are mainly produced by

Biofuels are mainly produced by  A) the breakdown of cell wall biopolymers into sugars that can be fermented. B) plants that convert hemicellulose...

A parent with an S1S2 genotype exhibiting gametophytic self-incompatibility could potentially fertilize which of the following plant genotypes of the same species with pollen grains?

A parent with an S1S2 genotype exhibiting gametophytic self-incompatibility could potentially fertilize which of the following plant genotypes of the...

A parent with an S1S2 genotype exhibiting sporophytic self-incompatibility can potentially fertilize which of the following plant genotypes of the same species with pollen grains?

A parent with an S1S2 genotype exhibiting sporophytic self-incompatibility can potentially fertilize which of the following plant genotypes of the same...

The most immediate potential benefits of introducing genetically modified crops include

The most immediate potential benefits of introducing genetically modified crops include  A) increasing the amount of land suitable for agriculture. B)...

One major potential benefit resulting from protoplast fusion experiments in agriculturally relevant species is

One major potential benefit resulting from protoplast fusion experiments in agriculturally relevant species is  A) there is an increased potential...

Which of the following statements is true of protoplast fusion?

Which of the following statements is true of protoplast fusion?  A) It occurs when the second sperm nucleus fuses with the polar nuclei in...

Under which conditions would asexual plants have the greatest advantage over sexual plants?

Under which conditions would asexual plants have the greatest advantage over sexual plants?  A) an environment that varies on a regular, predictable...

Which of the following could be considered an evolutionary advantage of asexual reproduction in plants?

Which of the following could be considered an evolutionary advantage of asexual reproduction in plants?  A) increased success of progeny in...

Which of the following statements is true for a species that produces seeds by apomixis?

Which of the following statements is true for a species that produces seeds by apomixis? A) The seed coat is made of diploid cells derived from...

Which of the following is a true statement about clonal reproduction in plants?

Which of the following is a true statement about clonal reproduction in plants?  A) Clones of plants do not occur naturally. B) Cloning, although...

Which of the following is true about vegetative reproduction?

Which of the following is true about vegetative reproduction?  A) It involves both meiosis and mitosis to produce haploid and diploid cells. B)...

Which of the following is an advantage of sexual reproduction as opposed to asexual reproduction?

Which of the following is an advantage of sexual reproduction as opposed to asexual reproduction? A) increased genetic variation in progeny B)...

Garden beans and many other eudicots have a hooked hypocotyl during germination. Which of the following is true concerning hypocotyls and/or the hypocotyl hook?

Garden beans and many other eudicots have a hooked hypocotyl during germination. Which of the following is true concerning hypocotyls and/or the hypocotyl...

What is the first step in the germination of a seed?

What is the first step in the germination of a seed?  A) pollination B) fertilization C) imbibition D) hydrolysis of starch and other food...

Fruits develop from

Fruits develop from  A) microsporangia. B) receptacles. C) fertilized eggs. D) ovaries. E) ovules. Answer:...

Which of the following statements is true about fruits?

Which of the following statements is true about fruits?  A) Fruits form from megasporangia and integuments. B) All fruits contain seeds. C)...

The embryo of a grass seed is enclosed by two protective sheaths, a(n) ________, which covers the young shoot, and a(n) ________, which covers the young root.

The embryo of a grass seed is enclosed by two protective sheaths, a(n) ________, which covers the young shoot, and a(n) ________, which covers the young...

Which of the following "vegetables" is botanically a fruit?

Which of the following "vegetables" is botanically a fruit?  A) potato B) lettuce C) radish D) celery E) green beans Answer:...

Which of the following developmental processes in a seed is the most evolutionarily advantageous for the initial establishment of a viable seedling?

Which of the following developmental processes in a seed is the most evolutionarily advantageous for the initial establishment of a viable seedling?  A)...

Which of the following is a potential advantage of introducing apomixis into hybrid crop species?

Which of the following is a potential advantage of introducing apomixis into hybrid crop species?  A) Cultivars would be better able to cope...

Which of the following metabolic processes is most likely to still be occurring at low levels in a fully mature, viable, dry seed?

Which of the following metabolic processes is most likely to still be occurring at low levels in a fully mature, viable, dry seed?  A) photosynthesis B)...

Which of the following statements applies to the endosperm in angiosperms?

Which of the following statements applies to the endosperm in angiosperms?  A) Its nutrients may be absorbed by the cotyledons in the seeds...

What is typically the result of double fertilization in angiosperms?

What is typically the result of double fertilization in angiosperms?  A) The endosperm develops into a diploid nutrient tissue. B) A triploid...

Which of the following statements argues for an advantage for flowering plants to maintain an extended gametophyte generation?

Which of the following statements argues for an advantage for flowering plants to maintain an extended gametophyte generation?  A) The protection...

The structure of a mature, functional fruit always includes

The structure of a mature, functional fruit always includes  A) one or more seeds. B) extensive vascular connections to the parent plant. C)...

Which of the following events suggests there is a change in the egg cell membrane after penetration by a sperm?

Which of the following events suggests there is a change in the egg cell membrane after penetration by a sperm?  A) The pollen tube grows...

The primary function of the integument of an ovule is to

The primary function of the integument of an ovule is to A) protect against animal predation. B) ensure double fertilization. C) form a seed coat. D)...

As a flower develops, which transition is most likely to occur?

As a flower develops, which transition is most likely to occur? A) The microspores become pollen grains. B) The ovule becomes a fruit. C) The petals...

What effects would occur in a mutant of Arabidopsis that cannot synthesize GABA within its flowers?

What effects would occur in a mutant of Arabidopsis that cannot synthesize GABA within its flowers?  A) Pollen tube growth would not be directed...

Genetic incompatibility does not affect the

Genetic incompatibility does not affect the  A) attraction of a suitable insect pollinator. B) germination of the pollen on the stigma. C)...

Recent research has shown that pollination requires that carpels recognize pollen grains as "self or nonself." For self-incompatibility, the system requires

Recent research has shown that pollination requires that carpels recognize pollen grains as "self or nonself." For self-incompatibility, the system...

What is the difference between pollination and fertilization in flowering plants?

What is the difference between pollination and fertilization in flowering plants?  A) Fertilization precedes pollination. B) Pollination easily...